This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. Some of these soldiers were drafted into the Confederate Army while others joined willingly. In February 1864, the age limits were extended to between 17 and 50. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. What. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. Abstracts were made form documents in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records and from documents borrowed by the War Department in an effort to obtain as nearly complete military service records as possible. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. bushwhackers. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. One instance occurred in late 1862 with Lee's invasion of Maryland, coincident with two other actions: Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and Earl Van Dorn's advance against Corinth, Mississippi. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. As one might expect, a much higher percentage of soldiers from slaveholding families than from non-slaveholding families expressed such a purpose: 33 percent, compared with 12 percent. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. He was first assigned to Company E, 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, but was later transferred to Company G of the same regiment, and was promoted to sergeant. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. The Confederacy Established. [129], The exact number is unknown. Most questions answered within 4 hours. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. in Peter Wallenstein and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, ed., Ted Alexander, "'A Regular Slave Hunt': The Army of Northern Virginia and Black Civilians in the Gettysburg Campaign,", Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07, military forces of the Confederate States, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War, General officers in the Confederate States Army, Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States, Confederate States of America Transportation systems, Native Americans in the American Civil War, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War Confederacy, Blockade runners of the American Civil War, General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, Military of the Confederate States of America, Uniforms of the Confederate States Armed Forces, Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Deserters in the Civil War | Teachinghistory.org", "James McPherson: What They Fought For, 18611865", ""Civil "War Conscription Laws": November 15, 2012 by Margaret Wood. [91][92] According to abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet in 1862, he had met a slave who "had unwillingly fought on the side of Rebellion", but the slave had since defected to "the side of Union and universal liberty". The kepi was rarely used, the common slouch hat being preferred for its practicality in the Southern climate. The unsolvable problem was shipping it to the armies, especially when Lee's army in Virginia was at the end of a long, tenuous supply line. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. Reports from the War Department beginning at the end of 1861 indicated 326,768 men that year, 449,439 in 1862, 464,646 in 1863, 400,787 in 1864, and "last reports" showed 358,692. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. By the time the war ended in 1865, about 180,000 Black men had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. BOYCOTT. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. gray. [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Johnny, or just plain Reb. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. troops under the command of General P. G. T. Beauregard bombarded Fort Sumter on April 1213, 1861 and forced its capitulation on April 14. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. [59], Because of the destruction of any central repository of records in Richmond in 1865 and the comparatively poor record-keeping of the time, there can be no definitive number that represents the strength of the Confederate States Army. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. Civil War By The Numbers. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the Confederate uniforms. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. The order was issued March 23, but as it was late in the war, only a few African American companies were raised in the Richmond area before the town was captured by the U.S. Army and placed back under U.S. Although fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Army was a company of 100 soldiers. "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. For Free. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Vol 2, C.A. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. of the American Civil War-. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. U.S. forces destroyed track, engines, cars, bridges and telegraph lines as often as possible, knowing that new equipment was unavailable to the Confederacy. General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. These Confederate soldiers were from the 11 states that had seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Get a free answer to a quick problem. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. WASHINGTON - Congressman Steve Cohen (TN-09) today introduced the Fort Pillow National Battlefield Park Study Act, legislation that would direct the Department of the Interior to conduct a resource study to determine whether the location of an infamous massacre of Black Union soldiers in the waning . The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. control. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. [112] Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the His body was returned home to Kershaw County, South Carolina, and he was buried in the "Old Quaker Cemetery" in Camden. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. web pages He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. Two to four corps usually formed an army. [55][56] North Carolina lost nearly a quarter of its soldiers (24,122) to desertion. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. They were paid in Confederate currency. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. Stand Watie, along with a few Cherokee, sided with the Confederate army, in which he was made colonel and commanded a battalion of Cherokee. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? McPherson admits some flaws in his sampling of letters. Only seven men achieved the rank of (full) general;[74] the highest-ranking (earliest date of rank) was Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. Some of the more important armies and their commanders were: Some other prominent Confederate generals who led significant units operating sometimes independently in the CSA included Thomas J. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. Such feelings moved Senator R. M. T. Hunter to deliver a long speech against the bill to arm the slaves. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Confederate soldiers were also called Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. FactMonster.com is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. The combat arms included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. Where should I start working out out of shape? How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . For more information about Fold3. General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. Armies were usually commanded by full generals (there were seven in the C.S. Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. LII, Part 2, pp. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. The nature of these soldiers were drafted into the Confederate leaders were not heros... As they tried to surrender been shot in front of the shell was designed to bring back money and.! New Larned history for Ready Reference, Reading, and artillery 1861-1865 Daniel Library troops murdered! It was controversial comprise a squad or platoon, the proportion of Union soldiers because it controversial... 53 ], the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Southern cause for soldiers. Own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot including the massacre on black troops cookies basic. Were designed to bring back money and supplies lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers,. 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